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The Structure of the Tornado

There are many conventional theories that seek to explain the development of a tornado. Without exception they cannot explain the complex internal structure and energy flows in a simple and logical manner.

• There is a distinct difference in character between the central vortex tube and the outer turbulence vortex.
• The inner tube has smooth edges and spins with little vertical flow.
• The outer vortex rises rapidly from the ground at the base of the inner vortex.
• Condensing vapour appears as the outer vortex rises
• The outer vortex initially rises faster than it spins.
• Debris is thrown violently upwards and outwards.

All the points made can be demonstrated by clips from video of real storms. Many of these are available on the Internet.

From http://www.iphc.org/drusa/tornado/vidclip2.html Rotating storm that produced a tornado

http://www.uni-stuttgart.de/Wetter/specials/movies/tornado1.mpg Or tornado1.mpg from cache

• Note the rising airflow round the tornado.
• Outer turbulence vortex shows visibility due to condensation of water vapour through expansion rather than dust. You can see this condensation forming as it rises. It is not dust sucked up from the ground.
• An inward tangential air inflow is lifting surface dust.
• Notice that this air inflow rises before reaching the core of the vortex. It does not form part of the core.

http://www.uni-stuttgart.de/Wetter/specials/movies/tornado2.mpg Or from cache

• Note again the rising airflow round the tornado.
  
• From time 00.03 to 00.06 note the small tubular charged sheath vortex is visible inside the larger turbulence vortex .
  
• Note the difference in appearance betwen the smooth sided core tube and the ragged edged outer tube.
• Even the large tornado in the final sequence is gently rising.
  

From http://www.kwtv.com/wx/wxcenter.htm is tornado1.mov(857K)  Or from cache
This is particularly interesting.

• Not only can we see the charged sheath vortex within the turbulence vortex, but the charged vortex sheath appears to kink and then violently fly apart at 05 to 06.
• The kink demonstrates that there is no major vertical airflow within the charged sheath vortex.
• Debris continues to fly up vigorously from the ground, even when the core is not visible
• This rising airflow rises faster than it rotates.

• See the end of sequence
• A huge tornado, but most of what we can see are hanging plumes of ejected material, in a gently rising and gently rotating air stream.
• The violence of the charged sheath at the core is not visible.

From http://www.kwtv.com/wx/wxcenter.htm is tornado3.mov(933K) Or from cache

• Another very large tornado with a rising and rotating turbulence vortex.
• The turbulant nature of the flow is clearly visble in this example. Notice the secondary eddies to the left around 10-11
• Notice some heavy debris being thrown up and out
• Note that even from a huge  tornado like this, there is no downflow, or outflow at ground level.

From http://redrock.ncsa.uiuc.edu/~jewett/Obs/May1598.html is Overview  Or from cache

• This is a good sequence starting with charged sheath vortex touching down, clearly visible as a thin tube.
• An ejection cloud starts to build up and an outer turbulence vortex starts to form, but is then blown away - ahead of the vortex - by the surface wind.
• The outer turbulence vortex then reforms, and by the time it crosses the road is extremely well defined.
• At around 16 seconds part of the turbulence vortex is again breaking up in a large curl, again blown out by a wind moving faster than the vortex is travelling

http://redrock.ncsa.uiuc.edu/~jewett/Obs/May1598/tornadoSW.mpg Or from cache

• Is taken from the same original video as above, but shows more detail, up to just before it crosses the road.

http://redrock.ncsa.uiuc.edu/~jewett/Obs/May1598/tornadoW.mpg Or from cache

• Next part of sequence, crossing the road

http://redrock.ncsa.uiuc.edu/~jewett/Obs/May1598/tornadoNW.mpg Or from cache 

• Final part of sequence with the outer turbulence vortex losing its upwards momentum.

http://www.iphc.org/drusa/tornado/vidclip5.html

• One of a sequence of the same storm as the rotating storm clip. 
• Notice the outer turbulence vortex is not showing much vertical movement, and no inflow visible at ground level. 
• Notice large debris being ejected up and out and then falling down from the right.

http://www.iphc.org/drusa/tornado/vidclip6.html

• The same storm.
• Notice the rotation of the cloud base continues as a horizontal rotation without any vertical component .

http://www.iphc.org/drusa/tornado/vidclip7.html

• A good view of the outer turbulence vortex.
• Notice that the rotation nearest the grounder is faster than the rotation above.

http://www.iphc.org/drusa/tornado/vidclip8.html

• Within the circulation of the turbulence vortex!

• Shows a charged vortex sheath decaying from the ground upwards.

Tornado Fighters

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a href="http://www.tornadofighters.com/whytf.html">http://www.tornadofighters.com/whytf.html Post a reply to this message, or post a new topic    Your Name:  Your Email:  Subject:  In reply to message (delete if not applicable):  Display heading   Security Code:

Indopedia

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http://www.indopedia.org/Tornado.html Indopedia reference to these pages Post a reply to this message, or post a new topic    Your Name:  Your Email:  Subject:  In reply to message (delete if not applicable):  Display heading   Security Code:

Support for these theories

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The Tornado reference article from the English Wikipedia on 24-Jul-2004

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Tornadoes: Thermodynamics and Electromagnetism

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http://charles-chandler.org/Geophysics/Tornadoes.php Abstract Tornadoes spawned by supercell thunderstorms are considered, using a geophysical approach. The cause of these tornadoes is proposed to be sustained positive ion transfer, from the ground to the top of the lower air mass. This ion transfer is proposed to be the effect of a combination of thermodynamic and electromagnetic forces. A variety of phenomena are considered as possible manifestations of the proposed theory Post a reply to this message, or post a new topic    Your Name:  Your Email:  Subject:  In reply to message (delete if not applicable):  Display heading   Security Code:

ESD Journal

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tornado The structure of the tornado

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The Electric Hurricanes of 2005

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http://www.thunderbolts.info/tpod/2006/arch06/060420hurricanes.htm Another mystery for meteorologists: As a rule, hurricanes display little if any lightning. But during the record-setting hurricane season of 2005 three of the most powerful storms—Rita, Katrina, and Emily—provoked an astonishing abundance of lightning Post a reply to this message, or post a new topic    Your Name:  Your Email:  Subject:  In reply to message (delete if not applicable):  Display heading   Security Code:

tornado The structure of the tornado

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For those interested in the Electrical nature of Tornadoes on Earth and Mars then these are 2 good articles. http://thunderbolts.info/tpod/2008/arch08/080114electrifieddustdevils.htm Mars or Earth the Devils are Electrified http://thunderbolts.info/tpod/2005/arch05/050916dustdevil.htm Burned by a Dust Devil Its and Electric Universe Post a reply to this message, or post a new topic    Your Name:  Your Email:  Subject:  In reply to message (delete if not applicable):  Display heading   Security Code:

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